Why Your International Manufacturing Agreements Need a Good Bill of Materials

Home | China Law Blog | Why Your International Manufacturing Agreements Need a Good Bill of Materials Table of Contents Toggle The Crucial Role of the Bill of Materials Manufacturing agreements between product buyers and their manufacturers typically come with all sorts of clauses dealing with choice of law, indemnification, time of delivery, failure rate, price, payment, and various other contractual provisions. The Bill of Materials can often make or break the success of a manufacturing relationship, but this document is too often either ignored or given short shrift. The Well-Drafted Bill of Materials The Bill of Materials is a list of the components to be used in fabricating the proposed product. A good Bill of Materials, inserted as an appendix or addendum to an Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) agreement, should specify in excruciating detail exactly what your manufacturer must use in manufacturing your product. A well drafted and precise Bill of Materials minimizes the likelihood of confusion and future mistakes, which in turn saves you money by reducing product defects and recalls. Common Pitfalls in OEM Manufacturing Agreements My law firm's international manufacturing lawyers have seen far too many OEM manufacturing agreements that did not have a Bill of Materials and far too many OEM agreements where the Bill of Materials was not made a part of the contract. Perhaps even worse, I have seen Bills of Materials that were made a part of the contract, but that allowed the manufacturer to substitute any component in the Bill of Materials whenever it felt like it. There is oftentimes nothing wrong with allowing your manufacturer to make substitute materials with your knowledge and approval, but there is a lot wrong with a Bill of Materials that gives your manufacturer complete discretion to substitute in materials. When a problem arises, you should be able to cross-reference your Bill of Materials with the actual product to see if the correct components are present. When I see manufactured products with high return or defect rates, the cause is almost invariably the manufacturer having used cheaper components. But far too often, I also find that there was nothing in the OEM contract or in the Bill of Materials (or in the two of them working together) that contractually prevented the manufacturer from having done exactly what it did. Often, the quality of your Bill of Materials will determine whether or not you have any recourse against your manufacturer for bad product. If you want to reduce your chances of defective or dangerous product, you cannot just rely on your manufacturer to do the right thing in terms of your product's materials or components. It is your responsibility to make sure your manufacturer uses the correct materials in manufacturing your product. A well drafted Bill of Materials is the first step towards that. The Bill of Materials is not just a list; it is a blueprint for manufacturing success. Its role in clarifying expectations and minimizing errors cannot be overstated and the clarity and detail of your BOM can be instrumental in achieving product excellence. Invest the time and effort to get it right—your product's quality, your brand's reputation, and your bottom line will thank you. For more on international manufacturing agreements, check out The Key Components of International Manufacturing Contracts. Check Out Our China Law Services Share Twitter Facebook LinkedIn E-mail Comment Dan Harris Dan Harris is a founding member of Harris Sliwoski, an international law firm where he mostly represents companies doing business in emerging market countries. Most of his time is spent helping American and European companies navigate foreign countries by working with the international lawyers at his firm in setting up companies overseas (WFOEs, Subsidiaries, Rep Offices and Joint Ventures), drafting international contracts, protecting IP, and overseeing M&A transactions. In addition, Dan writes and speaks extensively on international law, with a focus on protecting foreign businesses in their overseas operations. He is also a prolific and widely-followed blogger, writing as the co-author of the award-winning China Law Blog. Harris Sliwoski Attorney Read more posts [email protected] Read More International Manufacturing Learn more about our International Manufacturing Law Practice Related Posts September 15, 2026 Your AI-Drafted China Contract Says It Needs a Lawyer. Listen to It. 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